INTJ

对INTJ性格人群来说，最重要的是独立自主以及能够根据他们的标准来生活。对别人来说，INTJ人群似乎可能制造了一种自信的气氛。这种自信被那些缺少判断力的人来说是一种毫无经验的自大而已。

这种自信源于的知系，而大多的INTJ人群从很早就开始建立这种自信了。当问题是来自于他们的专业领域，--并且INTJ人群可能分布在各个领域-他们可以几乎是立即告诉你，无论他们是否可以帮助你，如果可以,他们会告诉你怎么做。INTJ人群知道自己知道些什么，更重要的的是他们知道自己不知道什么。

INTJ人群是完美主义者，他们看似有着永无止境的能力去改善任何他们感兴趣的事物。防止他们习惯性的陷入追求这种完美的是INTJ人群的性格特有的实用主义：INTJ人群适用（冷酷）的标准"这有用吗？"对任何来自于盛行的社会模式以及在他们自己研究成就的事物。

INTJ这类型的人群被誉为"系统的建设者"，可能部分因为他们拥有不寻常的集合虚幻性和确定性的显著特点。无论在何种体系下工作，对INTJ人群来说在思想中是一样的,只因为他们是拥有INTJ性格的人群。完美主义并且藐视权威可能会在现实生活中体现，所以对INTJ人群来说他们可以在一个项目中对自己和他人毫不留情。任何"松懈的"人，包括上司，将会失去INTJ人群对他们的尊敬-并且通常INTJ人群会让他们意识到这一点。INTJ人群也是可以作出重大决定而不需询问他们的上司或同事的人群。另一个方面，他们能够小心谨慎公平地将一个项目中的个人贡献分清。他们天生具有抓住机遇的天赋，而有些机遇甚至其他人都没有注意到。

在最广泛的条件下，INTJ人群所做的一般是他们知道的。典型的INTJ人群择业的方向是在科学和工程方面的，但是他们也可能致力于那些需要智慧与犀利言辞并重的领域（例如，律师，学术界的某些领域）。，如果他们愿意花时间去扩展他们的能力，INTJ人群可以从事管理，（无论是出于个人的野心或愿望）很多 INTJ人群觉得学习如何假意的因循守旧是很有利的，因为这可以在某种程度上掩饰他们内在的异常性格而

在处理个人关系，特别是在爱情方面，他们缺乏罗曼蒂克，这对INTJ人群来说是致命的弱点。INTJ人群不乐意领会社会的礼仪；例如，他们很少有耐心并且理解那些调情（大多数性格类型的人群被认为有一半的对这种关系有兴趣）。对于复杂的事，INTJ人群通常是那种特别自我的人群，他们很习惯的表现出冷漠，而这一点容易被其他人误解。

对INTJ人群的描述
独立、冷僻、聪明；富有想象力、具有创新意识，独特的；吹毛求疵、善于分析、理智；知性上的好奇、有干劲的去学习和提高自身的能力与知识；在交际方面警惕而有所保留的；明确而有组织的。

实事求是的专家型（INTJ）

若你是一个专家型

你是所有恋爱类型中最独立且意志力最强的(也许有人会说是固执)。一旦你决定了要做某件事，不管是要开始或结束一段感情，或是其他任何一件事，你将会依原来的决定行事。没有人可以劝阻你。

当你恋爱时

你，专家先生或小姐(仅占社会中人口的2%)，是一个深沉的思考家，经常在分析你的感情关系，并且不断问一个问题：这个人是否符合我对一个理想恋人期望的设计？答案通常都是“不”，因为你创造一个“完美恋人”蓝图的能力，通常都超过你可以在现实世界中找到另一半的能力。

才能和聪颖往往是你寻找伴侣时最重要的两个条件：你欣赏一个受过良好教育，同时在他或她所选择的领域里有优秀表现的人。虽然你偏好和你同等聪明敏捷的人，但你有可能会爱上一个不如你聪慧的人。当这样的事发生时，你脑海中总是会出现这样的疑惑：“这个人符合我所要求的聪明标准吗？”

你的最佳恋爱类型

若你是一个女性专家型

你已然知道你不是一般传统的女人。如果，你在早年的时候，曾经认为婚姻并不属于你，所以，不管遇到多么吸引人或是多么值得的男人，你都不会嫁。

或是你决定要在某个年纪结婚，比如说30岁、40岁或50岁，你会拒绝任何在那时间点之前出现在生命中的追求者。你不会在乎白马王子是不是已经走到你家门口，并且准备好结婚戒指和大束玫瑰花。若他没有在你的时间表规定的时间出现，你就完全不予理会。

作为一个女性专家型，你不会理会任何来自家人、朋友或是社会的压力，你会做自己的决定，并且，一旦做出一个深思熟虑的逻辑性结论后，你几乎不太可能会再改变心意。

你最佳的伴侣会是一个拥有顽强意志的男人，他可以欣赏你的独立自主性和不妥协的个性。专家型或是大男人型(ESTJ)都是不错的人选。

大男人型是一个有趣的选择。由于他是一个强壮、富雄性特质的男人，你会被他的才能和能力吸引。但是要注意他是否是一个强势的感受型。若是，他传统的特质有可能会盖过他其余的特质，而他有可能会试图把你塑造成他心目中理想的传统妻子，而忽视你真正的人格。请特别注意他个性中这点瑕疵。

若你是一个男性专家型

你和女性专家型或学者型(INTP)是绝配。

学者型会是会很好的选择。她灵活的头脑可以投入你充满智慧的生活，同时，她温和及随意的个性可以防止你让自己过于紧张。通过与学者型交往，将会学习到如何放松自己并去享受激发灵感的对话。

爱情套牢术

凯瑟琳是一个化学家，她是一个专家型。当她的朋友介绍她给唐纳德时，她立即被他吸引了。但她也有所保留。她有可能和一位雄壮的传统男人快乐相处吗？以下是他们两人对这段恋情的看法：

凯瑟琳：“当我认识唐纳德时，我在想，天啊！他真的很可爱，但是他不太可能是适合我的男人。他是一个大男人型(ESTJ)，一个有能力的集团管理者，但对女人和感情总是抱着传统的看法。”

唐纳德：“当我遇见凯瑟琳时，我发现在她金边的眼镜和紧张的笑容背后，是一个非常吸引人的女人。她像我的母亲，是一个很有智慧的女人。我被她的魅力迷住了。”

凯瑟琳：“我从来没有和像唐纳德这样的男人约会过—我从前以为这种很粗犷的男人都是些粗鲁的家伙。我很担心我的教育程度比唐纳德高。但是在听说了专家型和大男人型配对的成功案例后，我决定给唐纳德一个机会，于是我邀请他去喝咖啡。”

唐纳德：“我马上答应了，并且说要由我请客。不管怎样，一个男人必须有风度。”

凯瑟琳：“他确实很有风度。我们度过一段很美好的时光，当他陪我走到我的车子时，我靠在他宽厚的肩膀上。还不到一个星期，他就把我介绍给他的家人。之后，我们就正式交往了。”

唐纳德和凯瑟琳，两人都是理性型，时而会有炽烈的争吵，但是之后总能和好如初。总体而言，他们的感情很稳健，并且会越来越好。

若你的理想情人是一个专家型

在哪里可以遇到一个专家型情人？

以下是一些专家型经常出没的地方：

*法律学院的图书馆和咖啡厅

*地区学校的理学院

*博物馆展览

*棋艺社和棋艺竞赛

*品酒会

*爵士乐和古典音乐会

*电脑商店和展览

*外国车展或是古董车展

*单身爱书者俱乐部

*二手书店(他们是节俭的)

*研究所备考中心(专家型总是不断进修)

*历史学社

还有任何看重才能、知识、教育和智慧的地方。

如何与一个专家型情人约会？

并不是只有一个科技专才，才能和一个专家型相处得好，专家型尊重才能和专业。

如果可以让一个专家型看到你在某个领域的专业知识，并且可以经得起他严格的考验，你将赢得专家型的心，并且可以和这个聪明的知识分子约会。

*约会锦囊：点燃你的专家型情人的竞争心。

专家型是非常喜爱竞争的，同时他们讨厌失败。但是他们也尊重可以展现出才能并且可以击败他们的人。如果可以在专家型的游戏中击败他，或者至少挑起他的智慧竞争力，你将会得到一个终生的朋友，甚至是一个终生的伴侣。

爱丽丝是一个27岁的会计师，她成功地运用下棋的知识引起科特的好奇心并且吸引住他。科特是一个28岁的历史学教授，也是一个专家型。几个星期来，在他们当地的棋艺社中与科特开过几次玩笑之后，爱丽丝决定采取行动。

在一次傍晚的棋艺社活动中，她慢慢地走到科特身边。科特是一个1 800等级的棋手，他正和一位1 700等级的棋友在下快棋。她站在距离科特右侧大约两尺的地方，并且在科特每次下一步棋时都静静地摇头。

起初科特并没有注意爱丽丝，但渐渐地他闻到一阵她身上的香水味，而且开始发现她摇头的动作。在棋赛进行到一半时，科特已经前进了两个卒和一个马，爱丽丝深深地呼了一口气，摇摇头，走开了。当然，她这一切动作都是挑在科特回头看她时进行的，整场比赛中，他不断地回头看她。

科特马上中断他的比赛走到她身边说：“抱歉，爱丽丝，有什么问题吗？我是说，你觉得我的棋下错了吗？”

“不，当然不是，你是一个技巧很高的棋手。并不是每个棋手都可以有像天才棋王费希尔般有力的开场。”爱丽丝说。

“你的意思是……我的开场有什么问题吗？”科特问道。

“我很想跟你解释，但是我担心待会儿的约会会迟到。若你愿意，我们可以再找时间聊。”爱丽丝接着说。

“什么时候？”科特问道。他把自己想像成第一流的棋王，无法忍受别人的批评。

“明天打电话给我吧！这是我的名片。”

两天后，他们在一家咖啡馆见了面。当科特问她自己在开场时犯了什么错时，她说：“没有。但我期待你给我的一场是：‘嗨！我想认识你。’”

说完后，科特和爱丽丝都红了脸，但很肯定的是，他们彼此互相吸引，并且都为她的计谋大笑一场。同时科特也承认他确实被她吸引了好一阵子，但是却不好意思接近她。在他们发现彼此是多么喜欢对方之际，时间很快就过去了。

如何赢得专家型情人的爱？

你可以计划一些与专家型情人的专业知识相关的约会，例如法律、科学、商业、政治或任何他认为属于专业的领域。谨记：专家型在任何事情上都要争取主导地位，包括他们的兴趣和休闲活动。若是可以鼓励你的专家型情人在约会中展现他的知识和能力，这个智慧型的鉴赏家将会给予你关爱的眼光。

*恋爱锦囊：用激烈的辩论增添你约会的情趣。

专家型很喜欢辩论，同时他们会尊重那些和他们辩论的人。要和专家型情人展开一场启发性的约会，你可试试以下的方法：

约会开始时，你可以在一家五星级餐厅里一边享用着名菜佳肴，一边展开一场激烈的辩论。紧接着可以看一场有智慧的高评价电影，然后和你的专家型情人讨论电影的成效和演员的素质。不管做什么，只要做到让这个专家型情人不断地思考和辩论，他就会因此而爱上你。

如何和专家型情人拥有美好的性关系？

和学者型一样，专家型在床上不轻易表现爱意：甜言蜜语和过多的拥抱并不属于他们的作风。

由于专家型拥有快人快语的果断偏向，若他们觉得他们的性需求无法被满足时，他们也许会直接批评。但是，当专家型把他们性生活上的不满意说出来时，他们并非想要伤害他们的另一半。反之，他们的目的是为了要坦白说出心中的感受，以便下次可以享有比较好的性经验。

从积极面而言，专家型一般来说是知识追求者里最忠诚的。他们不会随便和别人发生性关系，同时，他们通常也是所有恋爱类型中对性关系最为谨慎的。尤其是女性专家型，她们一生中不会有太多性伴侣。另外，男性和女性专家型都认为随便的性关系是知识分子所唾弃的悖德行为。

**锦囊：先赢得专家型情人的脑袋，然后才能挑起*望。

要和专家型情人拥有良好的性关系，首先要满足他对信息和知识的渴望。让他知道你读过古印度*经典等重要的性学论文。

和你的专家型情人讨论他或她最喜欢的*姿势；并且找出喜欢的原因。开始的时候，专家型也许会有所保留并且表现一副知识分子的样子；但一旦他们和你发生关系之后，他们对性技巧的表达方式和好奇心会让你大吃一惊。

一旦和你的专家型情人讨论了技巧上的专业见地，这个分析型的人将会开始尊重你的知识并且会开始信任你。这个时候，你的专家型情人总算可以放松心情，开始享受愉快的经验。

如何和专家型情人维持一段长久的关系？

仅次于学者型，专家型是所有恋爱类型中的稀有动物。在学者型身上看到的问题几乎都会显现在专家型身上：太过依赖想像力而不去看清现实中的感情关系，对情感面不太关心，并且对约定成俗的社会规范漠不关心。

就正面而言，专家型的果断个性让他们有能力去改变他们的感情关系，同时，他们会监督自身的改进。基于他们改进自己的企图心，专家型总是愿意为一段感情努力—不管是通过阅读相关书籍，参加个人或是与伴侣共同的治疗，或是参加增进感情研习会。

在家庭生活中，专家型通常也是一个杰出的贡献者：他们对生活新颖的想法和可以改变世界的能力通常为他们带来工作上和金钱上的回报。而对知识的渴望使他们成为所有恋爱类型当中教育程度最高的，这之间有很多企管硕士、博士和法律博士。

若你的专家型情人可以学习一些学者型需要的技巧(提高对伴侣情感面的敏感度，加强对社会互动细节的注意力，和对一段感情现实面的觉醒)，他会成为一个稳定的、忠心的伴侣，你可以依赖他去找到新鲜且具启发性的方法，以增进彼此的感情。

1.INTJ的素描

INTJ容易遇事较真儿(serious), 分析能力挺强(analytical), 有完美主义倾向(perfectionistic)

- 这是我们能够看到的INTJ的最显著的3个特征.

INTJ会多角度的考虑事情, 会系统的, 有组织的去分析它, 丢弃任何有疑问的事实或细节, 还会根据新出现的情况更新自己对事物的认识, 以上这些是INTJ最擅长做的事情, 其它类型也可以, 但INTJ最擅长, 这使得INTJ极可能在众科学或数学领域中更享天赋.

对于任何观点, INTJ都希望能尽可能透彻的理解它(即意味着可以以之解释更多的事情), 在理解力方面ta们对自己要求相当高(大概就是如果有什么东西ta们搞不懂, 其心里就会很愧疚). 对于个人成就, INTJ也自笃甚严, ta们会对自己和别人要求都很高, 以致于INTJ基本上只看得起在某领域中至少能与之伯仲相称的人.

INTJ偏爱"清晰"+"简明"的行事风格, 对于纯属社交所需的的想法和做法则少有敬意. 对于往往仅追求对客观事物本身深入理解的INTJ而言, 一副坡受欢迎的社交面孔不仅是不必要的, 甚至可以直接被定性为"虚伪做作". INTJ唯一认为有意义的社交活动就是大家在一起交流有深意的想法或见解, 然而, ta们却因此往往忽视了"无论如何首先要让自己表现的友好和招人喜欢"的交际准则, 更甚, 如果这种交际仅以情感交流为主, 几无任何辩证的观点或有逻辑的语言的话, INTJ就会感到十分的不舒服.

总之, INTJ重视的是"结构"(structure), "次序"(order), "知识"(knowledge), "实力"(competence), "逻辑"(logic), 当然, ta们最重视的还是自己对于这个世界的理解和直觉判断. 一个INTJ型人的成就感会主要取决于ta对自己理解力和个人业绩的评估, 同时也部分取决于生活中各方面能否平衡, 以及其能否对生命中亲近的人在智力和能力方面给予合理的尊重.

2.INTJ扬其所长

每个类型都有自己的特殊优势. 如果你想找到自己会乐于做的事情并且希望做好它, 那你需要认清这些优势, 然后去强化它们. 作为INTJ, 你应该会在自己身上找到以下特征:

INTJ的思维天生就会不由自主的对一切外来信息(Information)进行系统的, 当然也是多角度的全面分析, 然后一旦辨明信息的真伪或意识到了其可利用的价值, INTJ就会有选择的保留或丢弃信息. INTJ在学校里很可能功课不错, 事实上, 对任何要求有较高逻辑思考能力的事情INTJ都应该做得不错.

INTJ十分, 十分的有洞察力, ta们能用自己的直觉"看"(notice)到别人不大能注意到的事实, 这种能觉察到所发生事情的性质或其衍生含义的能力是会以很多方式帮助到INTJ的. 当给定(或自己设定)一项目标或一个场景, INTJ就能想象出关于它的尽量多的可能的实现途径或发展方向, ta会从不同的角度来考虑一个问题, 等ta想完了, 就得到了一个切合实际的能够处理当前困境的解决方案.

INTJ不会亲自批评什么, 同时ta们对于别人的观点持开放态度, 一旦有更好的想法, INTJ愿意立即改变自己的观点.

INTJ做自己感兴趣的事情会有一种"执着"精神. Ta们不惧劳苦, 在自己有兴趣的事情上愿意投入大量精力, 这种品质可以帮助ta们实现任何既定目标(当然, 前提是这事儿是ta自己想做). 同时, 由于其对逻辑思维的偏爱和易于集中注意力的优势, INTJ通常能够理解相对困难的观点(idea)和概念(concept).

此外, Te和Ni功能已发展相对成熟的INTJ应该具备下列的特殊才能:

* Ta们应已可以对自己的直觉"证伪", 即能够分辨直觉回馈的信息的优劣, 然后为实现目标找到最精妙的方法, 或能够制定一个能成功的计划来达到目的. 一旦如此, INTJ就可能成为出色科学家, 数学家, 医生或商业战略制定者.

* 能够有效搭配自己的理解力, 逻辑思考能力和做事情的耐性, 如此INTJ可能会完成学术上有新发现或颠覆性的更新现有知识, 这种成果通常意味着INTJ对社会作出的重大贡献, 比如说, 如果INTJ在将来发现了根治癌症的方法

* 如果判断维度(Judgment)发展完善的话, INTJ将可以理解甚至钻研远超过(一般认为)其自然智力所能掌握的概念.

* 在人生阅历已够丰富的情况下, INTJ也可以成为强有力的政坛人物.

3.INTJ避其所短

知其事何所难, 才知其事何所易. 有优点, 必有缺点.

INTJ应该可以被看作少见的聪慧的人群, 但ta们也有缺点. 我们希望以下信息能够帮助你改良自身, 成为你所应成为的尽可能快乐与成功的人, 而不是给你带来不必要的负面影响.

INTJ的绝大多数的个性劣势其实都"归咎于"其首要功能Ni(内向直觉)几乎完全支配其个性结构这项事实, 在此情况下, 其它3个辅助功能实际上只得沦为Ni的"仆从"而不能有效发挥作用.

因此, 任何INTJ都至少会部分的在不同强度上反映出以下诸项由于辅助功能发展不完全而导致的个性劣势:

* 不知道(或许也不关心)怎么能讨人喜欢
* 会在未经认真考虑的情况下迅速摒弃别人的建议
* 更多的要求别人表现的像判断型个性(如守时, 洁净, 清晰而有条理, 按计划办事..), 对自己在此方面则不是事事在乎
* 总愿意也总能发现任何别人在各自生活/工作中的不良之处, 仅仅因为INTJ认为自己擅长多角度的分析事实
* 吹毛求疵, 即仅为了找出缺点而去找出(某项观念或某个人的)缺点
* 甚至还为自己保持评判性和总能发现不足之处的能力沾沾自喜
* 会对他人有不切实际或不理性的期望(即对他人要求过高, 希望"最好是别人能主动把琐事都做完, 我给点指导性意见就可以了")
* 对他人的不足之处表现的缺乏耐性, 无雅量
* 有时甚或认为自己总是对的(always right!)
* 会故意嘲弄或讥讽他人
* 时而暴戾易怒
* 会记仇, 难于真正原谅他人; 但也会因此而有卧薪尝胆之志
* 摇摆不定(wishy-washy), 犹豫不决, 在需要急速应变的人环境中表现不佳, 甚或不知所措
* 无论何时何地, 面对何事, 思维时刻可能走神, 难以集中于某一具体论题内

4.INTJ-所短为何?

一个INTJ的所有麻烦基本上都缘起于Ni(内向直觉)功能在这个人个性结构中的"一家独大". 一个健康的个性结构首先应该是平衡的- 即首要功能和3个辅助功能"权力"的平衡, 之于INTJ, Ni也需要从Te, Fi, Se那里得到合理的帮助, 而不是把这些辅助功能当奴隶一样使唤, 否则NTFS四项功能一定无一可尽其所能.

众所周知, Ni的作用就是不断的收集信息, 从不同的角度观察每一件事, 其作为INTJ的主要功能会不时的向大脑"轰入"一些新信息以供主体(INTJ)去考虑, 在此, Ni就像是INTJ的领悟力(理解力)系统(framework for understanding), 这个系统的特性是可以把已被接受的新的信息整合入自身, 在此过程中系统也就完成了一次更新. 显然, 如果被接受的是更正确或更有价值的新信息, 那么系统就是在进步. 其实, 既然Ni是收集信息的功能, 那么任何被感知到的事物都必须首先进入这个领悟力系统, 然后INTJ再决定是否值得为之调整一下自己的认知结构. 如果被接受的是一组真的前所未闻的新信息(全新的信息INTJ是一定会接受的), 那么INTJ就可能需要为之完全修改自己的思维参照系(即意味着领悟力系统会因此发生革命性的更新). 因此, INTJ对于从外部世界吸收的信息时而会需要相对较长的时间来处理, 以求把它们都搞懂, 这对于INTJ倒是真正有点难度的事情. 为了^透彻的^理解某观点或事件, INTJ会感到自己被太多需要思考的事情完全淹没了, INTJ对这种感觉应该并不陌生.

然而, 全新的或明显有价值的信息在现实中并不充裕, 即不能保证其时时不间断输入, 因此, 对于INTJ而言, 如不能促使理解力进步, 则至少应保证其不致因整合质量不高的信息而退化 - 这种机制极易导致以下现象: 即Ni作为首要功能的主导地位形成"垄断"而3个辅助功能均无法合理发挥作用, 此时的INTJ就会过于随意的丢弃许多ta本该考虑一下的信息. 此时, INTJ会命令其次要功能Te(外向思考)拒绝接受任何看起来似乎以前已经见过的新信息, 而不是先接受它, 命令Te对之首先分析一下, 然后决定怎么整合它. 由此, INTJ的领悟力系统更新的概率自然就小了很多(而事实上却冒了风险, 可能人也会因此而固执了许多).

应用Te拒绝外来信息至少在两点上对INTJ有好处: 1.帮助INTJ节约精力, 以准备思考真的前所未闻的新信息 2.保护INTJ脆弱的"心理禁区"不受惊扰.然而, 尽管如此, 我们仍不能忽视其弊端, 即INTJ确实可能因此轻易就滤过了本可以协助其更轻易(有时真的很轻易)理解某事物的重要信息, 同时, 此习惯也易导致INTJ面对他人时表现得过分固执己见, 甚或为了取信于对方而^假充内行^等.

于INTJ而言, Te的更合理用途应在于评估其内心十分十分丰富的各种观点和见解(Ni的产品), 并将它们与现实世界做对比分析, 而有的INTJ为了卫护其领悟力-Ni(即为了卫护"我就是对的"的感觉)而拒绝接受外来新信息的行为实质上无异于自欺欺人, 此状态就好比不先审题而直接答题了一样, 这样做自然会很舒服, 因为随便给一个结论总要比把一切都弄清楚要容易得多, 此外, 由于INTJ的首要功能Ni是一项感知功能, 这就使得INTJ随时都有大量的信息以及关于若干想法的"探究"需要思维去处理, 重压之下, INTJ必然倾向于寻求某种"捷径"以减轻思维负担- 绝大多数的INTJ都会在不同程度上实践此行为. 然而, 待及其个性结构过于倾斜以致于主体(INTJ)本人表现得极度自我中心, 极难得考虑他人建议之时, 麻烦就要来了.

The Scientist

As an INTJ, your primary mode of living is focused internally, where you take things in primarily via your intuition. Your secondary mode is external, where you deal with things rationally and logically.

INTJs live in the world of ideas and strategic planning. They value intelligence, knowledge, and competence, and typically have high standards in these regards, which they continuously strive to fulfill. To a somewhat lesser extent, they have similar expectations of others.

With Introverted Intuition dominating their personality, INTJs focus their energy on observing the world, and generating ideas and possibilities. Their mind constantly gathers information and makes associations about it. They are tremendously insightful and usually are very quick to understand new ideas. However, their primary interest is not understanding a concept, but rather applying that concept in a useful way. Unlike the INTP, they do not follow an idea as far as they possibly can, seeking only to understand it fully. INTJs are driven to come to conclusions about ideas. Their need for closure and organization usually requires that they take some action.

INTJ's tremendous value and need for systems and organization, combined with their natural insightfulness, makes them excellent scientists. An INTJ scientist gives a gift to society by putting their ideas into a useful form for others to follow. It is not easy for the INTJ to express their internal images, insights, and abstractions. The internal form of the INTJ's thoughts and concepts is highly individualized, and is not readily translatable into a form that others will understand. However, the INTJ is driven to translate their ideas into a plan or system that is usually readily explainable, rather than to do a direct translation of their thoughts. They usually don't see the value of a direct transaction, and will also have difficulty expressing their ideas, which are non-linear. However, their extreme respect of knowledge and intelligence will motivate them to explain themselves to another person who they feel is deserving of the effort.

INTJs are natural leaders, although they usually choose to remain in the background until they see a real need to take over the lead. When they are in leadership roles, they are quite effective, because they are able to objectively see the reality of a situation, and are adaptable enough to change things which aren't working well. They are the supreme strategists - always scanning available ideas and concepts and weighing them against their current strategy, to plan for every conceivable contingency.

INTJs spend a lot of time inside their own minds, and may have little interest in the other people's thoughts or feelings. Unless their Feeling side is developed, they may have problems giving other people the level of intimacy that is needed. Unless their Sensing side is developed, they may have a tendency to ignore details which are necessary for implementing their ideas.

The INTJ's interest in dealing with the world is to make decisions, express judgments, and put everything that they encounter into an understandable and rational system. Consequently, they are quick to express judgments. Often they have very evolved intuitions, and are convinced that they are right about things. Unless they complement their intuitive understanding with a well-developed ability to express their insights, they may find themselves frequently misunderstood. In these cases, INTJs tend to blame misunderstandings on the limitations of the other party, rather than on their own difficulty in expressing themselves. This tendency may cause the INTJ to dismiss others input too quickly, and to become generally arrogant and elitist.

INTJs are ambitious, self-confident, deliberate, long-range thinkers. Many INTJs end up in engineering or scientific pursuits, although some find enough challenge within the business world in areas which involve organizing and strategic planning. They dislike messiness and inefficiency, and anything that is muddled or unclear. They value clarity and efficiency, and will put enormous amounts of energy and time into consolidating their insights into structured patterns.

Other people may have a difficult time understanding an INTJ. They may see them as aloof and reserved. Indeed, the INTJ is not overly demonstrative of their affections, and is likely to not give as much praise or positive support as others may need or desire. That doesn't mean that he or she doesn't truly have affection or regard for others, they simply do not typically feel the need to express it. Others may falsely perceive the INTJ as being rigid and set in their ways. Nothing could be further from the truth, because the INTJ is committed to always finding the objective best strategy to implement their ideas. The INTJ is usually quite open to hearing an alternative way of doing something.

When under a great deal of stress, the INTJ may become obsessed with mindless repetitive, Sensate activities, such as over-drinking. They may also tend to become absorbed with minutia and details that they would not normally consider important to their overall goal.

INTJs need to remember to express themselves sufficiently, so as to avoid difficulties with people misunderstandings. In the absence of properly developing their communication abilities, they may become abrupt and short with people, and isolationists.

INTJs have a tremendous amount of ability to accomplish great things. They have insight into the Big Picture, and are driven to synthesize their concepts into solid plans of action. Their reasoning skills gives them the means to accomplish that. INTJs are most always highly competent people, and will not have a problem meeting their career or education goals. They have the capability to make great strides in these arenas. On a personal level, the INTJ who practices tolerances and puts effort into effectively communicating their insights to others has everything in his or her power to lead a rich and rewarding life.

What does Success mean to an INTJ?

People with the INTJ personality type are serious, analytical and perfectionistic. They look at a problem or idea from multiple perspectives and systematically analyze it with objective logic, discarding things that turn out to be problematic, and evolving their own understanding of something when new information turns out to be useful. There is no other personality type who does this as naturally as the INTJ. They are natural scientists and mathematicians. Once given an idea, they are driven to understand it as thoroughly as possible. They usually have very high standards for their own understanding and accomplishments, and generally will only value and consider other individuals who have shown that they meet or surpass the INTJ's own understanding on a given issue. INTJs value clarity and conciseness, and have little esteem for behaviors and attitudes that are purely social. Social "niceties" often seem unnecessary and perhaps even ungenuine to the INTJ, who is always seeking to improve their substantive understanding. INTJ's highly value social interaction that is centered around the meaningful exchange of ideas, but they usually dismiss the importance of being friendly or likeable in other social contexts, and they are likely to be uncomfortable with interactions that are primarily emotional, rather than logical. INTJs value structure, order, knowledge, competence, and logic. Above all, they value their own ideas and intuitions about the world. An INTJ's feeling of success depends primarily upon their own level of understanding and accomplishment, but also depends upon the level of structure in their life, and their ability to respect the intelligence and competence of those who share their life.

Allowing Your INTJ Strengths to Flourish

As an INTJ, you have gifts that are specific to your personality type that aren't natural strengths for other types. By recognizing your special gifts and encouraging their growth and development, you will more readily see your place in the world, and be more content with your role.

Nearly all INTJs will recognize the following characteristics in themselves. They should embrace and nourish these strengths:

The INTJ's mind is naturally geared towards systematically analyzing information from many contextual perspectives, and rejecting or retaining information as they become aware of its usefulness or validity. They probably do very well in school, and in any pursuit that requires serious analytical thinking.

They're extremely insightful, and see things that are not obvious to others. This ability to see patterns and meanings in the world can help the INTJ in many different ways.

When given a goal or context, an INTJ is able to generate all kinds of possibilities. They're able to see the problem from many different angles, and come up with a solution that fits the needs of the current situation.

They don't take criticism personally, and are open to changing their opinions when they're shown a better idea or better way of doing something.

An INTJ has a "stick to it" attitude. They're not afraid of hard work, and will put forth a great deal of effort towards something that they are interested in. This persistence will help the INTJ to achieve any identified goal.

Usually intelligent and able to concentrate and focus, the INTJ can usually grasp difficult ideas and concepts.

INTJs who have a well-developed Extraverted Thinking function to complement their dominant Introverted iNtuition will enjoy these special gifts:

They can discriminate well amongst their intuitions and build ingenious systems to meet identified goals, or determine a successful plan of action to meet an identified need. In such a way, they may be brilliant scientists, doctors, mathematicians, or corporate strategists.

Their deep understanding, logical abilities, and persistence may enable them to make discoveries or uncover new ways of looking at something. In such a way, they may perform a great service to society. For example, an INTJ is the likely personality type to discover the cure for cancer.

The INTJ with well-developed judgment will be able to grasp and process concepts that are beyond what their natural intelligence appears to be able to handle.

If they have achieved a good amount of life wisdom, an INTJ can become a powerful political force.

Potential Problem Areas

With any gift of strength, there is an associated weakness. Without "bad", there would be no "good". Without "difficult", there would be no "easy". We value our strengths, but we often curse and ignore our weaknesses. To grow as a person and get what we want out of life, we must not only capitalize upon our strengths, but also face our weaknesses and deal with them. That means taking a hard look at our personality type's potential problem areas.

INTJs are rare and intelligent people with many special gifts. This should be kept in mind as you read some of the more negative material about INTJ weaknesses. Remember that these weaknesses are natural. We offer this information to enact positive change, rather than as blatant criticism. We want you to grow into your full potential, and be the happiest and most successful person that you can become.

Most of the weaker characteristics that are found in INTJs are due to their dominant function (Introverted iNtuition) overtaking their personality to the point that the other forces in their personality exist merely to serve the purposes of Introverted iNtuition. In such cases, an INTJ may show some or all of the following weaknesses in varying degrees:

May be unaware (and sometimes uncaring) of how they come across to others

May quickly dismiss input from others without really considering it

May apply their judgment more often towards others, rather than towards themselves

With their ability to see an issue from many sides, they may always find others at fault for problems in their own lives

May look at external ideas and people with the primary purpose of finding fault

May take pride in their ability to be critical and find fault in people and things

May have unrealistic and/or unreasonable expectations of others

May be intolerant of weaknesses in others

May believe that they're always right

May be cuttingly derisive and sarcastic towards others

May have an intense and quick temper

May hold grudges, and have difficulty forgiving people

May be wishy-washy and unsure how to act in situations that require

May have difficulty communicating their thoughts and feelings to others

May see so many tangents everywhere that they can't stay focused on the bottom line or the big picture

Explanation of Problems

Most of the problems described above are a result of Introverted iNtuition overtaking the INTJ's personality to the point that all of the other functions become slaves to Introverted iNtuition. A healthy personality needs to have a good balance between its dominant and auxiliary functions. For an INTJ, the dominant Introverted iNtuition needs to be well-supported by the auxiliary Extraverted Thinking function. If Extraverted Thinking exists only to support the desires of Introverted iNtuition, then neither function is being used to its potential.

Introverted iNtuition is a personality function that constantly gathers information, and sees everything from many different perspectives. As the dominant player in a personality, it has the effect of constantly bombarding the psyche with new information to consider. Introverted iNtuition is sort of like a framework for understanding that exists in the mind. As something is perceived, it is melded into the existing intuitive framework. If an entirely new piece of information is perceived by the Introverted iNtuitive, that person must redefine their entire framework of reference. So, Introverted iNtuitives are constantly taking in information about the world that needs to be processed in a relatively lengthy manner in order to be understood. That presents quite a challenge to the INTJ. It's not unusual for an INTJ to feel overwhelmed with all of the things that he or she needs to consider in order to fully understand an idea or situation.

When Introverted iNtuition dominates the INTJ such that the other functions cannot serve their own purposes, we find the INTJ cutting off information that it needs to consider. If the psyche is presented with information that looks anything like something that Introverted iNtuition has processed in the past, it uses Extraverted Thinking to quickly reject that information. The psyche uses Extraverted Thinking to reject the ideas, rather than analyzing the information within its intuitive framework, and therefore reduces the likelihood that the framework will have to be reshaped and redefined.

Using Extraverted Thinking in this manner serves the INTJ's psyche in two ways: 1) it saves it the energy that would have to be expended to truly consider new information, and 2) it protects the INTJ's sacred inner world. In either case, it is not ideal. It causes the INTJ to not consider information that may be useful or criticial in developing a real understanding of an issue. It also probably causes the INTJ to come off as too strongly opinionated or snobbish to others.

The better use of Extraverted Thinking for an INTJ would be to use it to assess the INTJ's rich insights and weigh them against the external world. When the INTJ personality uses Extraverted Thinking to cut off incoming information, rather than to judge internal intuitions, it is effectively cheating itself. It's like getting the answers to a test without having to really understand the questions. It's easier to get the answer right away, rather than to have to figure everything out. For the INTJ, who has a tremendous amount of information and "studying" that needs to be done, it's very tempting to take shortcuts. Most INTJs will do this to some extent. The real problems occur when an INTJ personality has become so imbalanced that its owner is extremely self-important and rarely consider anyone else's opinions or ideas.

Solutions

To grow as an individual, the INTJ needs to focus on applying their judgment to things only after they have gone through their intuition. In other words, the INTJ needs to consciously try not to use their judgment to dismiss ideas prematurely. Rather, they should use their judgment against their own ideas. One cannot effectively judge something that they don't understand. The INTJ needs to take things entirely into their intuition in order to understand them. It may be neccesary to give your intuition enough time to work through the new information so that it can rebuild its global framework of understanding. INTJs need to focus on using their judgment not to dismiss ideas, but rather to support their intuitive framework.

An INTJ who is concerned with personal growth will pay close attention to the subject of their judgments, and their motivation for making judgments. Are they judging something external to themself, or are they judging something that they have sifted through their intuition? Is the motivation for judging something to be able to understand its usefulness in the world, or to dismiss it? Too often, an INTJ will judge something without properly understanding it, and with the intention of dismissing it. Seek first to understand, then to judge.

Living Happily in our World as an INTJ

Some INTJs have difficulty fitting into our society. Their problems are generally associated with not knowing (or caring) how they come across to others, with having unreasonable expectations for others' behaviors, and with not putting forth effort to meet others' emotional needs. These issues stem primarily from the common INTJ habit of using Extraverted Thinking to find fault externally, rather than internally, and therefore diminish the importance of the external world, and increase the importance of the INTJ's own internal world. INTJs who recognize that their knowledge and understanding (and therefore general happiness and feeling of success) can be enriched by the synergy of other people's knowledge and understanding will find that they can be committed to their rich internal worlds and still have satisfying relationships with others. In order to accomplish this, the INTJ needs to recognize the importance of extraversion, and develop their highest extraverted function, Extraverted Thinking.

An INTJ who uses Extraverted Thinking to find fault externally rather than internally may become so strongly opinionated that they form rigid and unreasonable expectations for others. Their hyper-vigilant judgments about the rationality and competence of others may be a very effective way of keeping themselves at an emotional distance from others. This will preserve the sanctity of the INTJ's inner world of ideas, but will reduce a lot of valuable input, arrest the development of their social character, and stagnate the development of the INTJ's rich structural framework of understanding. In extreme cases, the INTJ may find himself or herself quite along and lonely.

More commonly, an INTJ's interpersonal problems will occur when they express their displeasure to those close to them in very biting and hurtful terms. Everyone needs emotional distance at one time or another, and the INTJ wants more than most types. Perhaps this is why INTJs are famous for their biting sarcasm. An INTJ's internal world is extremely important to them. They may be protecting their internal world by using sarcasm to keep others at an emotional distance, or they may be sarcastic with others because they believe that they have the more evolved and logical understanding of the issue at hand, and seek to cut off the spurious input that they're receiving. This is an important distinction to recognize. An INTJ who is seeking an emotional respite can find ways to be alone that don't require injuring feelings and damaging relationships. When distance is required, the INTJ should just "leave". If an explanation is necessary, an INTJ should use their Extraverted Thinking to explain their need rationally and objectively, rather than using Extraverted Thinking to insult the other person, and therefore prod them into leaving.

Specific suggestions:

• Take care to listen to someone's idea entirely before you pass judgment on it. Ask questions if necessary. Do whatever it takes to make sure that you understand the idea. Try not to begin judging anything about the idea until you have understood it entirely.
• Before you begin talking to another person, pause for a moment and look at that person. Take in that person's attitude and feelings at that moment. Be aware of the person with whom you're speaking.
• If you become upset, walk away immediately. DO NOT express anger. When you get angry, you lose. After you have calmed down, apologize for leaving and continue with what you were doing.
• Try to identify the personality type of everyone that you encounter frequently in your life. Remember that people with the Sensing preference need to be communicated with in a direct, concise manner. Speak plainly and simply with Sensors, giving "yes" or "no" answers.
• Try to be on good terms with all people, even those that you consider beneath you. Try to understand that everybody has something to offer.
• When you make judgments or decisions, try to be aware of your motivation for making the judgment. Are you more interested in finding fault externally, or in improving your own understanding? Seek first to understand, and then to judge.

Ten Rules to Live By to Achieve INTJ Success

1. Feed Your Strengths! Do things that allow your brilliant intuition and logical abilities to flourish. Explore the fascinating worlds of science, mathematics, law and medicine. Give your mind an outlet for its exceptional analytical abilities, and watch them grow.
2. Face Your Weaknesses! See your weaknesses for what they are, and seek to overcome them. Especially, strive to use your judgment against your internal ideas and intuitions, rather than as a means of disregarding other people's ideas.
3. Talk Through Your Thoughts. You need to step through your intuitions in order to put them into perspective. Give yourself time to do this, and take advantage of discussing ideas with others. You'll find externalizing your internal intuitions to be a valuable exercise. If you don't have someone to discuss your ideas with, try expressing your ideas clearly in writing.
4. Take in Everything. Don't dismiss ideas prematurely because you don't respect the person generating the ideas, or because you think you already know it all. After all, everybody has something to offer, and nobody knows everything. Steven Covey says it so well when he says: "Seek first to understand, and then to be understood."
5. When You Get Angry, You Lose. Your passion and intensity are strong assets, but can be very harmful if you allow yourself to fall into the "Anger Trap". Remember that Anger is destructive to your personal relationships. Work through your anger before you impress it upon others, or you will likely find yourself alone. Disagreements and disappointments can only be handled effectively in a non-personal and dispassionate manner.
6. Respect your Need for Intellectual Compatibility Don't expect yourself to be a "touchy-feely" or "warm-fuzzy" person. Realize that your most ardent bonds with others will start with the head, rather than the heart. Be aware of other's emotional needs, and express your genuine love and respect for them in terms that are real to YOU. Be yourself.
7. Be Accountable for Yourself. Don't blame the problems in your life on other people. Look inwardly for solutions. No one has more control over your life than you have.
8. Be Humble. Judge yourself at least as harshly as you judge others.
9. Assume the Best. Don't distress yourself and others by dwelling on the dark side of everything. Just as there is a positive charge for every negative charge, there is a light side to every dark side. Remember that positive situations are created by positive attitudes. Expect the best, and the best will come forward.
10. Don't Get Isolated! Recognize the value that the external world represents to you, and interact with it in the style that's natural to you. Join clubs and internet e-mail lists that house in-depth discussions of topics that you're interested in. Seek and foster friendships with others of like competence and capacity for understanding. Extravert in your own style.

个性类型: 内向、直觉、思考、判断
（ 技术问题的解决者 ）

内在需求和典型特点：
完美主义者；高度的独立性，思维犀利，集合虚幻性和确定性于一身，我行我素，对机遇异常敏感，通常担当重任。

基本人格特点：
独立、冷静、聪明、果断、创新、理智、客观、务实，对知识和智慧有持续的好奇和兴趣，不断去学习和提高自身的能力和知识，永无止境去改善任何感兴趣的事物，追求完美；思维严谨、有逻辑性、足智多谋，对自己有清醒而准确的认识，知道自己“知道什么”和“不知道什么”；喜欢挑战，有宏大的愿景，高度信任自己的创新思想，能够看到新计划实行后的结果，严格（甚至苛刻）要求自己与他人，高标准地实现自己的想法。

社会人际特点：
喜欢独处，自制力强，容易给人冷漠和难以接近和了解的印象；在人际交往中，不注意人际细节，对他人持一定警惕，有所保留地表达自己的态度、意见、想法、情感，社会人际圈子较小，且通常自己也知道自己不擅社交的现实。

不喜欢的交往对象：
思维逻辑性差，表达不清晰，理解能力差，不能快速领悟；做事拖沓，散漫，缺乏条理，办事效率低。

领导和管理：
整体地看待和分析问题，能快速地发现新信息与已有模式之间的意义联系，清楚地看到任何局势的利处和缺陷，且天生精于理论，善于通过（内在的）逻辑推理和顿悟构思复杂的设置，勾画复杂的计划、系统和模式，是团队中的系统建设者和规划者；具有独特的思想、伟大的梦想，且天生具有抓住机遇的天赋，通常他人还没有注意到这些机遇的时候，已经将机遇抓到了手里，并坚定而果决地做出重大决定（不需要询问上司或同事），极少受他人的批评和冷漠态度的影响，是优秀的战略思想家和领导者；喜欢并主动建设明确而有秩序的组织环境，能够小心谨慎而公平地将一个项目中的个人贡献分清，是团队中出色的组织者。

工作方式和对组织的贡献：
愿意做综合理论性和抽象化的复杂事物的工作，喜欢在实施前，制定整体部署并构想好各种战略，然后在工作或项目中严格要求自己和他人，高标准的完成所承担职责和任务；喜欢与有知识有能力的人共事，鼓励他人共同在知识和理论修养方面有所提高；有时也表现出一定的因循守旧的特点，但这通常是表面现象，是希望通过这种表现在一定程度上掩饰与他人的差异，缓和人际距离。

什么环境下会有优秀表现：
可以同时利用智慧与犀利的言辞的领域。

压力下的表现：
当长期处于单一、平淡、节奏慢、缺乏挑战，或长期无法接近“成功”时，心理上容易产生压力和恐慌感；面对压力和困难时，通常能够快速整合信息，迅速地不断发现和验证多种解决问题的可能性；但是，当压力过重过大或长期得不到疏导时，可能会变得冷漠、隐藏、吹毛求疵，固执；沉溺于“智力游戏”，或者其他冲击感官的活动中（如暴饮暴食、打牌、看重播节目等）。

适合岗位的特点：
能创造和开发新颖的解决方案来解决问题或改进现有系统；您愿意与责任心强，在专业知识、智慧和能力方面能赢得自己敬佩的人合作；您喜欢独立工作，但也需要定期与少量智囊人物切磋交流。

适合领域：
科研、科技应用、技术咨询、管理咨询、金融投资、创造性行业等领域

适合岗位举例：
各类科学家、研究所科研人员、设计工程师、建筑师、系统分析师 / 员等；管理顾问、经济学者、法律顾问、投资专家 / 顾问、国际银行业务职员、金融规划师、各类技术顾问 / 专家、医学专家、精神分析学家、学术研究等；运营总监、信息系统开发、信息总监、财务预算经理、社论作家等。


∷发展建议

每个人的人格都是一个和谐、统一而稳定的行为习惯系统，影响着我们学习、工作和生活的各个方面。无论何种类型的人，总会发现，在某些场景或环境中可以游刃有余地学习和掌握信息或者解决问题，而在另外一些场景或环境中，又频频失意。我们大家都知道“人无完人”“天生我才必有用”的道理，所以，出现这样的情况是很正常的，我们能做的就是清醒地认识自己的长项和短版，从而在工作和生活中主动的扬长避短，以取得更好的个人业绩和团队表现。
请注意阅读和体会如下针对您所提出的信息：

个人潜在优势：
★ 天生的思想家、谋略家和组织者，可以清楚地看到未来的可能性
★ 富有洞察力和创造性，喜欢复杂理论及智力上的挑战
★ 有创造性地解决问题的天资，能客观审查问题
★ 对于在工作中胜任和胜出有强烈的动机
★ 自信、客观、果断，能逻辑地分析并做出决定　　
★ 即使面对批评和阻挠，也能够无反顾地去实现目标　　
★ 独立、自主，能很好地适应一个人单独工作　　
★ 标准高，意志坚定，工作原则性强　　
★ 能创造方法体系和模式达到目标
★ 客观务实，实事求是，不迷信权威

需要认真思考的问题：
★ 律己律人才容易出严谨的作品，但自己对高品质的追求，是否适用所有人？
★ 我无意于使用小的伎俩来维持人际，但这会不会给他人枯燥、冷漠、无礼、自大的印象，而影响他人对我的工作的配合与支持呢？
★ 我相信自己的判断力，愿意坚定的实施公司（或组织）和自己的决定，轻易绝不会妥协，但，有时候，也会发现，这种坚持也让自己走了弯路，我是否该听听其他人的意见，或者重新思考一下自己的决定？
★ 有人说我“学究”，说我只讲逻辑和理论，难道我在处事时没有充分考虑现实条件吗？
★ 我喜欢和聪明人打交道，有时也许会无意中表现出对稍愚钝的人的不耐烦，我如果表现的含蓄一点，对我的管理职能的发挥会有帮助。
★ 我的某些处事方式，是不是伤害了他人的感情或利益，而我却看不到（或从来不在意）？
★ 是否总是在出现问题时，才发现过于关注工作，对朋友和家庭付出的关注和投入太少？
★ 有时会发觉我似乎有强迫的倾向，一件事情如果我认为可以改善，即使并不重要，我也会努力去改变他，这个需要我注意，尤其是在有更重要的任务的时候。

在美国人口中INTJ型的人为数不多，但他们在企业和学术界产生的影响一定会让你大吃一惊。INTJ所具有的智慧和清晰的概念使他们具备公认的领导才能。和其他类型的人相比，INTJ型的人在美国的企业文化形成上扮演了更为重要的角色。

INTJ在对待事物上注重其各种可能性(N)，并将这些可能性进行处理，将之概念化，系统化，最终转化为客观的决策(T)。这些决策很容易得到贯彻实施，因为他们平时的生活方式就是非常有条理，有计划的(J)。他们的内向(I)使他们的内心世界成为各种想法的舞台，这些想法大大多于已付诸实践的愿望。这四种倾向结合在一起使INTJ型的人自信，沉稳，称职，有敏锐的洞察力并不断自我肯定。

这四种倾向是大多数人寻求自信和力量所依靠的性格特征，尤其是公司梯形结构中那些上层人物。INTJ不会像外向性格的人那样不断打扰我们，他们会通过将所有事物很好地掌控在手中来传达他的自信。与关注细节和具体事物的感觉型(S)人相比，他们会将事实转化为一幅宏观的蓝图，并给出其发展前景。有时候主观性更和人意，但在实际商业活动中我们更讲究客观性，也就是更务实。我们社会的运行使J型人得到偏爱，整个社会也是一种结果导向型的模式。INTJ型的人将四种特质整合在一起后不仅表面看起来吸引人，同时他们也确实是领导和决策层能够信赖和依靠的对象。

很少有什么事能难住INTJ。因此这类人在公司中通常都能得到很快的提升，他们的沉着表明他们具备了杰出的领导能力。我们确信在日本企业的领导层中，这种类型的人占主导地位。沉着使他们有能力将已有的想法在各个方面进行提升，从设计，生产到市场推广。这一能力成为20世纪末日本在国际市场上地位不断提升的关键因素。一位INTJ型的日本商人甚至对MBTI进行了改进和提高。日本现在是使用类型观察的第二大国，仅次于美国。

尽管很难用一个词去形容某个类型的人，但“独立自主”可以对INTJ型的人作一个最好的概括。独立自主是激发他们前进的动力。如果可能，INTJ希望每个人都能独立自主。这种独立意识可能与他们同时希望掌控周围环境的需求相冲突。因此，作为INTJ的同事或下属，就必须明白“独立性”是终极目标，但这种独立性的获得必须得到INTJ的认可。

这一矛盾会带来一些信息的复杂化。表面上INTJ的口头指示赋予的是灵活性和自由度，如：“你可以获得充足的时间，采用你认为最好的方式来完成这项工作 ”，而这句话的另一层意思是“尽快完成它并把它做好”。这种信息会使INTJ型人I感觉，而后者却经常要求可靠和准时。如果INTJ把真实意思表达清楚的话，就应该是“如果每次你都能又快又好地完成任务，那么你就能获得更多的灵活性和自由发挥的空间”，这样就不会产生矛盾了。

作为天生的概念专家，INTJ是完美的思考者，对未来充满兴趣。他们受丰富的想象所激励，同时骨子里又有很强的责任感。通常，他们会承担起解决复杂问题的责任。并施展他们创造性的才能担当起领导者的工作。有人曾经说过，社会中的成功人士通常都是那些独立的(I)，有预见能力的(N)，实事求是的(T)和能掌控时局(J)的人。这类人能够被委以重任，他们不会总是拿自己的需要来烦扰你。

INTJ型的管理者也是永远的学生。INTJ会不断地探索和追究“可能会怎样”，他们的直觉能够很好地容纳系统中的新技术，程序，动机和方法。他们倾向于对事物不断做出改进。即使那些东西都运转良好，他们也会去改革它。这种倾向意味着工作中的每一项事物都会被拿去作一番改进。对每一个项目，INTJ会不断地进行评估，审查，甚至修正。即使有命令要求维持现状不变，INTJ也不会停止在维持现状的基础上做出细微改进的努力。

INTJ女性在工作中面临着特殊的挑战。上面所描述的那些特点，如独立，客观，控制力强等。都是与传统对女性的要求背道而驰的。INTJ女性对传统的挑战以及不断改进革新的特质会在男性主导的职场中遇到麻烦。这种冲突会带来两种性别的不满和拒绝：男性无法理解也不知道该怎么去处理INTJ女性独立行事的风格;而其他女性将之看作高傲自大，对他人漠不关心的人。现实中，INTJ女性在与那些具有传统女性特征的女性交往时通常都缺乏耐心。

令更多人无法忍受的是INTJ女性的冷漠：工作中她总是十分谨慎并极端专业，十分注意自己的言行。很少谈及私人生活并且将它和工作严格分开。她们谨慎，专业的工作态度以及表面上封闭而自我的私人生活使他们在同事中很难赢得同盟者。尤其是INTJ女性，她们总是孤独地高高在上。

策划者的人，在精细管理方面，远远超出其他人。每一步计划都要与下一步计划相协调，并且可能会受制于无法预知的困难。他们本性果断、善于谋划且矜持的个性，决定了他们更倾向于策划者的角色。他们不超过总人口的1%，而且很难遇到。他们虽然是极有能力的领导者，却并不热衷于进入管理层，而宁愿躲在僻静处，除非领导者过于无能。但是，他们一旦主管工作，就是个彻头彻尾的实用主义者，将现实看做不过是施展和精练他们战略才能的象棋棋盘而已。

在制定计划时，他们思想开明、愿意接受一切有价值的建议，富有成效的理论很快便得以应用。对他们来说，次序不是一成不变的，是可以改进的。只要是有意义的，都会被采纳，相反则不然。

策划者往往比其他理性者更为自信，通常显示出非常坚强的意志。且看上去很容易做出决定，实际上，他们在安排事物并做出决定之前，几乎片刻不能休息。他们有着某种完成计划计划的动力，总是从长远的效果考虑，似乎是思想本身给他们带来了力量。逆境强烈刺激着他们，他们热衷于对一个需要以创造性解决的难题做出响应。无论在哪里，哪怕是最微小的工作，他们都会建立起数据和人文系统。

他们通常是被人推荐到负责人岗位上的，因为他们追求目标持久、努力、坚定，毫不吝啬他们自己的时间和精力，同时也能充分发挥同事和雇员的潜力。他们习惯于描述积极的本性，避而不谈消极本性，更倾向于推动组织的发展，而不去思考过往的错误。他们认定，运转良好的组织中，内在和外部的连贯性都是不可或缺的。

策划者是所有类型人中，从学校获益最大的受益者。工作上他们倾向于激励他人，也像对自己所要求的那样努力，因而往往显得苛求和难以满足。同事们认为策划者能彻底的识破他们，并找到他们的缺陷，所以，他们之间存在一种心理距离，容易让人有无法胜任的感觉。

他们往往不被同事所理解，被人认为是过分冷静的，幸运的是如果他们觉得自己是正确的，对于同事的批评和误解，他们就不会特别的困扰。总而言之，他们是忠诚的，是对组织的，而非内部人员的。这项特质，使得他们在人员变动的时候，仍能毫不困难的继续工作。

适合的工作：

商务领域经理主管。

适合的伴侣：奋斗者

理论上说，是最般配的一对。策划者，内向、善于谋划，在择偶的时候比任何人都更具有计划性；而奋斗者，善于表达和探索，且在一起共事很少出现失误，他们有着共同语言。奋斗者也对策划者起着重要的弥补作用，给他们带来热情和新奇，与他们的精细形成鲜明对比。

关于家庭：

他们希望家庭和睦、有序，但不意味着他们需要一个顺从的伴侣。求婚对他们来说是个难题，因为需要明细标准。他们往往很快就能知道恋爱关系能否最终成功，不愿意在没把握的事情上浪费太多时间。有时，显得过于冷淡和精于算计，他们是不易被理解的，不易做到外向和动情，希望独处而不喜欢被干扰，但是他们仍然是深情甚至浪漫的人。他们对子女投入了深情而永恒的挚爱，将孩子作为生活的焦点，允许他们朝着他们自己想的方向发展。但也懂得，孩子需要受到明确的限制，并且很坚持。

关于领导：

是设计前后次序的大师，限定综合计划中的连续操作方法，以便保证计划的正常实施。他们以锐利的目光纵观全局，并进行谋划和安排，制作流程图力求最少的时间最少的浪费来达到目标。他们敏于制定随机计划，而不善于制定建筑计划。他们比如陆军元帅那么引人注目，却善于主宰自己，同样乐意帮助一位有能力的领导者。

1、从整体角度去看待事物，并很快将新获取的信息综合成整体的模式。相信自己构思的理论，而不是相信权威和他人的理论，因此有独特的、创造性的观点。但例行事物使自己的创造性受到了一定的制约。内在地运用自己总结的抽象观点、知觉去看待事物，计划未来。可能是：

* 有独特构思的理论家 * 概念性的、有远见的思考者

2、运用思维做出逻辑性的判定，而不会以情感为依据做出判断。用批判的眼光审视一切，如果形势需要会很坚强、很果断。 往往是：

* 清晰简洁 * 理智、不受他人影响、客观地批判一切

3、是优秀的、目光远大的规划者，在群体和组织中经常升到领导者的位置上。独立性强，更相信自己的，而不是他人感知的判断。会用最严格的标准要求自己。

4、可以清楚地看到未来的可能性，并竭力去实施自己的想法。喜欢来自多方面的挑战，愿意做综合理论性和抽象化的工作。为挑战目标，做出一个整体布局并设想各种挑战。高度重视知识，要求本人和他人办事有能力。尤其讨厌不知所指、混乱和低效率。

给他人的印象

一般不直截了当地表现自己最受尊敬的和最有价值的那一部分，即创造性的洞察力，而是将这种洞察力表现在有逻辑的计划决策上。因此，旁人有时觉得你很难驾驭，而这一点大大出乎你的意料，因为在面对新的具体情况时，在你还没对此形成自己的独特理论认识之前，你很愿意改变观点。以平静、果断、自信的形象面对世界，但发现自己在交际中有困难。 别人一般认为你：

* 喜欢独处，自制力强，难以被人了解，甚至冷漠
* 概念化，有创造性，独立性强


发展中需要注意的方面
1、需要注意充分发展自己的逻辑思考和抽象概括能力。

如果没有发展自己的逻辑思考能力，可能无法以公认的途径做决策，并无法很好地使别人认可自己的理论。

如果不能收集足够的外部信息或仅仅挑选与自己的理论相符的信息，那么，做出的决策就可能建立在错误的依据上，因为这些决策根据的是有限的或带有局限性的信息。

2、如果找不到机会运用自己的才能并使自己的贡献得到赏识，往往会感到沮丧，还可能：
* 变得冷漠，发生很大的变化，对自己内心思想不多坦露
* 对于那些不能很快的领悟他看法的人吹毛求疵，而后又变得很专一，并执拗地去追求这个目标。
3、如果过分忽视具体的事物，而专注于理论的思考，忽视情感的需要时，就可能：
* 忽略与自己的理论模式不符的细节和现象
* 玩弄“智力游戏”，说些于他人没有意义、没有关系、似是而非的东西
* 对于自己的决策给其他个人带来的影响不够重视
* 不能如其他人所期待的那样给予足够的赞誉和亲切的关注
4、感到压力很大的时候，会过度沉溺于感觉活动中，如看电视的重播节目、打牌、大吃大喝，或者会对过去不注意而又认为无关紧要的某些细节倍加关注。

总评

具有创造性的思想，目光远大，可以清楚地看到未来的可能性和组织，对外部事件能够迅速找到有意义的模式，构想好各种战略，并竭力去实施自己的想法和目标。在自己感兴趣的领域，有很好的能力去组织工作并将其进行到底。不轻信、具批判性、独立性，有决心，对能力和行动有高的标准。喜欢来自多方面的挑战，愿意做综合理论性和抽象化的复杂事物的工作。高度重视知识，要求自己和他人有能力。尤其讨厌不知所指、混乱和低效率。可能忽视具体的事物和情感的需要，需要注意发展逻辑思考和抽象概括能力。